{"id":42720,"date":"2018-03-12T08:00:52","date_gmt":"2018-03-12T12:00:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/retrofitmagazine.com\/?p=42720"},"modified":"2023-02-17T10:36:52","modified_gmt":"2023-02-17T15:36:52","slug":"research-demonstrates-tunable-lighting-technology-offers-benefits-beyond-biology-built-environment","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/retrofitmagazine.com\/research-demonstrates-tunable-lighting-technology-offers-benefits-beyond-biology-built-environment\/","title":{"rendered":"Research Demonstrates Tunable Lighting Technology Offers Benefits Beyond Biology in the Built Environment"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Tunable
Tunable lighting allows for electric lighting to provide a similar cue to the time of day as the sun in indoor environments where there is often a lack of access to daylight for many occupants.<\/figcaption><\/figure>The renewed focus on human health in the built environment is leading building owners and occupants to request healthier working, learning and living spaces. In architectural lighting, the increasing demand for healthier buildings has aligned with advances in LED technology, controls and research exploring human biological response to light. This alignment has led to a rise in health claims related to lighting, yet there is still much to learn regarding the relationship between light and human biology. <\/p>\n

The first published research documenting the treatment of a patient with winter depression using light occurred in 1980. The article, \u201cLight Suppresses Melatonin Secretion in Humans\u201d, was published by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)<\/a>, Bethesda, Md. It was not until 2002 that research was published identifying a new photoreceptor responsible for regulating the human biological clock. The article, \u201cPhototransduction by Retinal Ganglion Cells That Set the Circadian Clock\u201d, also was published by NCBI. Much of the research related to light and human biology has been completed in very controlled environments, which presents a challenge when trying to apply scientific data to the built environment where an unending supply of variables are present. <\/p>\n

When designing an architectural lighting system to account for possible health benefits, there are many considerations to take into account, such as which metric to use, how and where to measure the light, and the multiple factors that affect circadian response to light. These factors include timing, duration of exposure, the wavelengths of the light (known as the spectral power distribution, or SPD), intensity (amount of light) and physiological dynamics. Tunable lighting allows for the variation of the SPD and intensity, so it is increasingly chosen to address some of the factors that affect the human biological response to light. Tunable lighting also increasingly is considered as costs decline and the number of products to choose from rises. <\/p>\n

There is clear interest in tunable lighting technology for biological benefits, as well as other reasons, including curiosity. Over the past several years there has been an observable growth in the number of products available, the number of manufacturers developing products and the number of installations. The Washington, D.C.-based U.S. Department of Energy\u2019s Solid-State Lighting Program (SSL)<\/a> continues to evaluate tunable lighting technology, from the testing of products in a laboratory to evaluations of performance in the field with the goal of increasing the understanding of the limitations and benefits associated with this technology. (Read \u201cReport 23: Photometric Testing of White Tunable LED Luminaires\u201d.<\/a>) <\/p>\n

The DOE SSL GATEWAY program recently evaluated a tunable lighting system installed in a behavioral health unit (BHU) in Seattle. (Read a report about it here.<\/a>) The tunable lighting varied in hue, ranging from cool white to warm white, known as white-tunable lighting. It was installed in the main gathering area where dining and activities took place and in the hallways that led from the main gathering area to the patient rooms. <\/p>\n

Another recent evaluation was of a tunable lighting system installed in three K-12 classrooms near Dallas. (The report can be found at here.<\/a>) The incumbent fluorescent troffers were replaced with white-tunable LED troffers with the goal of learning about the benefits of this new technology in addition to energy savings. In both projects, benefits beyond biology were realized, which are explained in greater detail in the sections that follow.<\/p>\n

Cues to Nature, Biology<\/h4>\n

Hospital patients, residents in senior care facilities, as well as other building occupants who spend a significant portion of the day inside with limited access to daylight may lose track of the time of day, particularly in populations that are restricted from leaving a building. Tunable lighting allows for electric lighting to provide a similar cue to the time of day as the sun in indoor environments where there is often a lack of access to daylight for many occupants. <\/p>\n

The tunable lighting system in the BHU was designed to establish a sense of time by creating a marker of the routine passage of the day\/night cycle with a consistent, warm sunrise, a brightening and cooling of light throughout the early morning, peaking by noon, and a sunset in the evening. This effect was achieved by delivering light lower in intensity and correlated color temperature (CCT) during the night with light increasing in both CCT and intensity throughout the morning and then decreasing again in the late-afternoon and evening hours, returning to night settings. This pattern established by the architect was intended to support a connection to nature, as well as a biological response to help prepare the patients for bedtime. One BHU nurse commented a year after the white-tunable lighting installation that she thought the residents in the BHU went to bed earlier than in a similar facility where she also worked that did not have tunable lighting. Although the bedtime of patients was not tracked for this project, this is a potential benefit worth considering and tracking in future projects. <\/p>\n

In the K-12 classroom evaluation, one of the teachers used the ability to lower the intensity of the lighting and switch to a lower CCT as a signal to her elementary students after recess that it was time to transition back to activities in the classroom. Another teacher lowered the intensity of the lights when he had a migraine and when his middle-school students arrived to his classroom some assumed that he had a migraine because of the dimmed lights.
\n<\/p>\n

Ease of Flexibility<\/h4>\n

\"With
With the push of a button, a voice command, an automatic schedule or simply by walking into a space, the lighting can transition in color and intensity.<\/figcaption><\/figure>The opportunity to change the look of a space with lighting has never been easier. With the push of a button, a voice command, an automatic schedule or simply by walking into a space, the lighting can transition in color and intensity. In the future, it may even be common for the distribution of the light exiting a fixture to change. This flexibility allows spaces to adapt to changing needs, such as providing more or less light depending on the age of the occupants.<\/p>\n

The initial commissioning of the BHU control system did not result in the desired change specified by the architect. Because of a variety of reasons, the intensity was too high, the change in CCT was not as specified, and the transition between CCT and intensity throughout the day was too abrupt. To address these issues, a control system allowed for adjustments to easily be made to the CCT and intensity throughout the day to further improve the space for the staff and patients without causing disruption to the BHU.<\/p>\n

In the K-12 classrooms, the incumbent fluorescent system included the ability to switch off the lights closest to the projector screen. With advances in technology, the projector screens in the classrooms were replaced with interactive boards; however, in one of the classrooms documented, the interactive board was placed on a different wall so the lights could no longer be switched off just in the area near the interactive board. With a tunable lighting system, this problem can be solved without any rewiring of fixtures. The change in screen location doesn\u2019t necessarily warrant a change in the color of the light, but if there were a considerable change in the color of the furniture and walls in a space, then a change in the color of the light might be a considered appropriate in this and other applications.<\/p>\n

Design and Manufacturing<\/h4>\n

The DOE SSL program also recently supported the development of an advanced patient room lighting system that changed the color and intensity of the light throughout the patient room; however, for this project the changes in color went beyond white hues to saturated oranges, pinks and blues. The ability to tune lighting fixtures to different colors opens up new opportunities and challenges to those that design spaces and also new areas of research. Learning what colors and changes over time occupants find acceptable and how this translates to different applications, regions and cultures will be an important part of the transition to tunable lighting. It may also provide an opportunity for designers to select the color of the light after the interior of a space is complete, instead of during the design when the color of finishes and furniture can change. Manufacturers also may be able to reduce the number of product variations they manufacture as the technology matures for tuning color, intensity and other attributes, such as distribution.<\/p>\n

Energy Savings<\/h4>\n

The energy implications of tunable lighting are dependent on the product and application. A given tunable fixture may be less efficacious than a similar non-tunable model, yet tunable lighting may allow the occupant to dim or turn off lighting when not needed. The BHU nurses observed that the majority of the lighting fixtures in the main gathering area could be turned off during the nighttime hours, so this change was implemented as part of the automatic programming of the control system. The nurses also often chose to decrease the light levels further in the evening hours, increasing energy savings.<\/p>\n

There are many other possible uses for tunable lighting, and as with many other pieces of technology, we may soon find that lighting fixtures with the addition of sensors, networking capability and other devices will serve many more purposes than simply delivering light. Additionally, the increasing availability of tunable lighting will hopefully expand what is known about the benefits it may provide to human biology. In turn, tunable lighting can then be modified to account for the latest research and best practices, increasing the benefit to occupants of the built environment. <\/p>\n

For more information on tunable lighting, visit the Department of Energy\u2019s SSL website<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Attend this Presentation at Lightfair<\/h4>\n

Andrea Wilkerson will be co-presenting \u201cHow to Do Tunable WELL: Points, Pitfalls, and Potential,\u201d at Lightfair International 2018, an annual architectural and commercial lighting trade show and conference. This session will review the lighting requirements of the WELL Building Standard and describe how a tunable white lighting system can meet these requirements. Lightfair is being held May 8-10 at McCormick Place in Chicago. Learn more and register here.<\/a> <\/p>\n

Photos:<\/strong> Pacific Northwest National Laboratory<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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